No-Fault Car Insurance States
Enter your ZIP code to compare quotes with the PIP and lawsuit options your state offers.
By the AutoQuotesByZip editorial team. Last reviewed: October 4, 2026. Sources: Insurance Information Institute and the state sources linked in the table.
In a no-fault state, your own insurer pays your medical bills and some other losses after a crash through personal injury protection (PIP), no matter who caused it, and your right to sue the other driver for pain and suffering is limited. Twelve states and Puerto Rico have no-fault laws, according to the Insurance Information Institute. Everywhere else, the at-fault driver’s liability insurance pays.
Enter your ZIP code to compare quotes with the PIP and lawsuit options your state offers.
The 12 no-fault states
| State | Lawsuit threshold | Required PIP / first-party benefit | Official source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Florida | Verbal | $10,000 PIP | Florida HSMV |
| Hawaii | Monetary | $10,000 PIP | Hawaii Insurance Division (FAQ) |
| Kansas | Monetary | PIP required (benefit levels set by statute) | Kansas Statutes §40-3107 |
| Kentucky | Monetary (choice) | $10,000 PIP; you may reject the lawsuit limitation | Kentucky Revised Statutes §304.39-110 |
| Massachusetts | Monetary | $8,000 PIP | Mass.gov |
| Michigan | Verbal | PIP medical: unlimited, $500k, $250k, $250k with exclusions, $50k (Medicaid) or opt-out (Medicare) | Michigan DIFS |
| Minnesota | Monetary | $40,000 PIP | Minnesota Commerce Department (PDF) |
| New Jersey | Verbal (choice) | $15,000 PIP; lawsuit limitation applies unless rejected | NJ DOBI Bulletin 22-09 (PDF) |
| New York | Verbal | $50,000 PIP | New York DFS |
| North Dakota | Monetary | $30,000 PIP | North Dakota Insurance Department |
| Pennsylvania | Verbal (choice) | $5,000 first-party medical; limited or full tort | Pennsylvania Insurance Department (PDF) |
| Utah | Monetary | $3,000 PIP | Utah Code §31A-22-304 |
Compare quotes for your ZIP code with the same PIP level and tort option.
Verbal, monetary and choice thresholds
A verbal threshold lets you sue for pain and suffering only when an injury meets a legal definition of “serious,” such as permanent injury or significant disfigurement; Florida, Michigan, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania use one. A monetary threshold allows a lawsuit once medical costs pass a set dollar amount; Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Dakota and Utah use one. Kentucky, New Jersey and Pennsylvania are “choice” states, where drivers may keep an unrestricted right to sue in exchange for a higher premium. New Jersey applies the lawsuit limitation unless you reject it; Pennsylvania applies full tort unless you choose limited tort.
Add-on states and repealed laws
Some at-fault states also require first-party benefits without limiting lawsuits — for example Delaware ($15,000 per person PIP), Maryland ($2,500 PIP, which may be waived) and Oregon ($15,000 PIP); see our minimum requirements table. Several states have repealed no-fault laws, including Nevada (1980), Georgia (1991), Connecticut (1993) and Colorado (2003), according to the Insurance Information Institute.
What no-fault means for your quote
No-fault states are not automatically more expensive, but PIP adds a coverage you must price. Florida, New York, New Jersey and Michigan are among the higher-cost states in NAIC data, while North Dakota, Hawaii and Utah are among the lower-cost. When comparing quotes, keep the same PIP level, deductible and tort option on every quote. State guides: Florida, New York.
Frequently asked questions
Which states are no-fault for car insurance?
Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania and Utah, plus Puerto Rico.
Can you sue in a no-fault state?
Yes, for serious injuries. Each no-fault state sets a verbal or monetary threshold that an injury must meet before you can sue for pain and suffering. Choice states let you keep an unrestricted right to sue.
Is PIP the same as MedPay?
No. PIP is broader and is required in no-fault states; it can include lost wages and replacement services. MedPay pays medical bills only and is usually optional.
Sources
- Insurance Information Institute, Background on: No-fault auto insurance
- Florida HSMV
- Hawaii Insurance Division (FAQ)
- Kansas Statutes §40-3107
- Kentucky Revised Statutes §304.39-110
- Mass.gov
- Michigan DIFS
- Minnesota Commerce Department (PDF)
- NJ DOBI Bulletin 22-09 (PDF)
- New York DFS
- North Dakota Insurance Department
- Pennsylvania Insurance Department (PDF)
- Utah Code §31A-22-304
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